Commentaries

Chinese author (Chinese: “Pure in Heart”) also spelled Bing Xin, Wade-Giles romanization Ping-hsin, original name Xie Wanying

born October 5, 1900, Minhou, Fujian province, China died February 28, 1999, Beijing

Chinese writer of gentle, melancholy poems, stories, and essays that enjoyed great popularity.

Bingxin studied the Chinese classics and began writing traditional Chinese stories as a child, but her conversion to Christianity and her attendance at an American school in Beijing soon were reflected in the didactic, Western style of her writing. The short stories and poems that Bingxin published during her college years at Yanjing University in Beijing—lyrical pieces about childhood and nature, influenced by the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore—won her instant fame and a grant to study at Wellesley College in the United States, where she received an M.A. degree in 1926.

Bingxin returned to China in 1926 and published a collection of essays she had written abroad, Zhi xiaoduzhe (1926; “Letters to Young Readers”), which gained lasting popularity. Her short stories, which were often sentimental tales with young protagonists, were collected in Gugu (1932; “The Paternal Aunt”) and Donger guniang (1935; “Miss Donger”). Bing Xin shiji (“Collected Poems of Bing Xin”) was published in 1933. She continued to write throughout the 1940s and ’50s, producing works such as Guanyu nuren (1943; “About Women”) and Shisui xiaocha (1964; “Miscellaneous Essays”).

Bingxin wrote little after the early 1960s, but she became very active in cultural affairs under the communist government, especially in children’s literature. After the mid-1980s, however, she was officially criticized when she voiced her support for political reform in the famous liberal announcement “Open Letter of 33 Signers.” A selection of her works was published in English as The Photograph (1992).

冰心是一位具有女性意识的翻译家.鸦片战争后,受到西方的民权学说及男女平等观念的影响,冰心创作了很多具有女性意识的作品.阅读冰心的译本,可以发现冰 心独特的女性意识在其译文中得到了充分体现.受其女性意识的影响,冰心在其翻译中极力颂扬女性,消除原文中的性别歧视,提高女性的家庭社会地位.从性别视 角分析冰心的翻译观和翻译实践,发现西方女性意识传入中国后对冰心有一定影响.

对冰心诗歌创作的研究本无新意,但从译介学的角度对之加以论证的却不多见.本文在论述泰戈尔对冰心诗歌创作的影响实质上是郑译泰诗的影响的基础上,主要论述了阅读郑译本<飞鸟集>对冰心诗歌形式内容和语言意象的影响,并探讨了阅读译诗建立起来的翻译文学概念对冰心后来翻译思想和翻译实践的影响.



May 4th & Chinese Literature in Translation

By Lucas Klein, published May 4, 2009, 5:04p.m.

To commemorate the 90th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, the South China Morning Post runs an article investigating

Left on the Shelf: Ninety years after the May 4 movement spawned a host of Chinese literary giants, Ben Blanchard examines why mainland writers remain largely unread internationally

As a tribute to the May Fourth Movement goes, it's no last-year's Sunday New York Times Book Review, featuring four new translations of Chinese literature, but then again, May Fourth doesn't fall on a Sunday this year.

What the South China Morning Post article does raise, implicitly at least, is the question of World Literature and its relationship to Chinese literature.

As the article notes,

The May 4 movement of 1919 started out as student protests against a decision at the Paris Peace Conference, after the first world war, to award Japan control of German concessions in China's Shandong province. It soon encompassed a broader debate about how China should modernise.

Since part of that modernization took place in the field of literature, bringing Chinese together with modern World Literature from the West, the 90th anniversary isn't a bad time to look back and take stock of how integrated Chinese Literature has become into the larger spheres of World Literature. But at least according to one newspaper article, the success has not been stellar.

Is this right? While I agree with the journalist that "Modern Chinese literature is at best a niche interest overseas," is that because it's Chinese, or because literature itself is also at best a niche interest? And as for who is to blame, the article cites both Chinese author Féng Jìcái 馮驥才 and Penguin China general manager Jo Lusby as decrying the lack of translators working from Chinese.

But looking at the Paper Republic roll-call, and thinking about how many translators we still haven't added to our directory, I can't agree that a dearth of translators is keeping contemporary Chinese literature away from readers.

No surprises here, but I see the publication industry--including the branch of journalism responsible for promoting and reviewing literature--as more accountable than any translator. When Lusby says, "There are some books I would love to do out of China, but I think it needs too much back story for a western reader to enjoy them in the way a Chinese reader reads them," I see yet another publisher underestimating both the intelligence and the interest of the general reader, to say nothing of the ability of translators to accommodate said back story.

Furthermore, when the article in question mentions only the recent Chinese writers who have earned some attention--from Gāo Xíngjiàn 高行健 to Mián Mián 棉棉--but does not offer a list of titles for interested readers to consult (how about a mention of the works of Féng Jìcái, to begin with? What about Chrysanthemums and Other Stories, translated by Susan Wilf Chen and Three-Inch Golden Lotus, translated by David Wakefield?), I have a hard time as a translator taking responsibility when I see newspapers running articles so irresponsibly.

So is Chinese literature still cut off from the centers of World Literature, and if so, why? Perhaps Paper Republic can offer what the South China Morning Post report failed to, which is input from a few translators.

Biography2

向一位著名女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰,这样的机会是不多的,所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候,心情十分激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了,”她微笑说,“可是我还是爱读好诗。”

冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时,一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路,那就是五四运动,一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中,并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她学了诗歌,文章和故事,以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。

她在1923年到美国去学文学,在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这都收在一个集子里出版, 就是《寄小读者》。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家,而是因为书中的高尚情操。有不少较年轻的作家说,是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。



My Translation:

It not always that you can have a chance to celebrate an eighty years old birthday for an famous female writer, so I felt rather excited when I called on Bingxin, a noted female poet in china on October, 5th last year. I asked her to tell us about how she became a poet. “I haven’t written poems for many years,” she smiled. “But I still like reading good poems.”

Bingxin was so lucky for her parents encouraging her studying and writing. In 1919, when she was studying in a girl college in Beijing, the event May 4th Movement changed her life. May 4th movement was a patriotic movement launched by students in Beijing. The people’s demonstrating scenes impressed her, so she devoted herself into the movement and was in charge of publicity in the student union. She wrote many poems, articles, and stories to attack imperialism, and feudalism of all forms.

She went to America to study literature in 1923. She wrote down her feelings during her travel and living in America and collected them into a published collection which is to little readers. The book soon brought her excellent reputation which is not only because she was a female writer, but also the noble sentiments revealed in her book. As for many young writers, it is the works of Bingxin inspired them to entered upon their careers

Grace

Biography1

冰心 (1900~1999)

  
原名謝婉瑩,福建長樂人,是中國現代兒童文學開拓者。由於長壽有「文壇祖母」之稱。1919年,以「冰心」為筆名發表了第一篇小說《兩個家庭》。1921 年,加入文學研究會。1923年,出版短詩集《繁星》和《春水》,震驚文壇。同年赴美留學,專事文學研究。她當時把旅途和異邦的見聞寫成散文,寄回國內報 刊發表,舉國矚目,後結集為《寄小讀者》。

1926年,得文學碩士學位後返國,先後任教燕京大學、清華大學和北平女子文理學院。1946年,與丈夫吳文藻同往日本並於東京大學授課。1951年,回 國。再出版詩歌集《櫻花贊》、散文集《再寄小讀者》等。除創作外,還翻譯過一些外國文學作品。自1954年以來,當選為歷屆全國人大代表。曾任中國文聯副 主席。1999年與世長辭,享年99歲。


Bing Xin (1900 - 1999)

Originally named Xie Wanying; born in Changle, Fujian Province. Bing Xin was the pioneer of the canon of children's literature in modern China. In 1919, she published her first piece Two Families under the pen name "Bing Xin". In 1921, she joined the Literary Research Society. In 1923, she amazed the literary circle with her short poems when they were published in two separate collections, Myriad Stars and Spring Water. In the same year, she went to the United States and focused her attention on literary research. She recounted her travels and experiences of her stay abroad in a series of essays, which were sent back to China to be published in newspapers. These essays caused a national sensation and were later collected and published under the title of Letters to My Little Readers.

In 1926, Bing returned to China after receiving her M.A. degree. She successively taught at Yanjing University, Tsinghua University, and Beijing Women's College of Arts and Sciences. In 1946, she went to Japan with her husband Wu Wenzao and taught at Tokyo University. She went back to China in 1951. Upon her return, she published a collection of poems, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, and a collection of essays, The Second Batch of Letters to My Little Readers. Apart from writing, Bing Xin also translated a number of foreign literary works. A deputy to the National People's Congress since 1954, she was also the vice-chairwoman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. With the reputation "the grandmother of the literary circle" earned through her longevity, she passed away in 1999 at the age of 99.

Biography

Bing Xin's Philosophy of Life and Legacy

Bingxin was known and respected for her philosophy of love, perseverance, integrity, and optimism. She was full of rich and beautiful emotions with love, as summarized in her life motto and quotation "Love makes everything possible", and she was also really perseverant in her writing career, continuing to write even if she was sick during her old years and saying, "Life begins at eighty".
Her writings, enriched with her life philosophy, are among the most insightful and beautiful in Chinese literature. People praised and loved Bingxin for her deep love and optimism, and on her memorial people paid the last respects with thousands of red roses, Bingxin's favorite flower. To this day, people in China (which include lots of children) still remember Bingxin affectionately.

Works (Note: the list is far from complete)
Fanxing (A Myriad of Stars) (1923)
Chunshui (Spring Water) (1923)
Ji xiao duzhe (To Young Readers) (1926)
Bingxin Quanji (The Collected Works of Bingxin) (1932-1933)
Nangui (Return to South) (1933)

Works available in English
The Photograph. Beijing: Chinese Literature Press (1992)
Spring Waters. Peking, (1929)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Xin

Bing Xin's Life and Literary Career

Bingxin was born into patriotic family in Fuzhou, Fujian, but moved to the coastal port city of Yantai, Shandong, with her family when she was four. Such a move had a crucial influence on Bingxin's personality and philosophy of love and beauty, as the vastness and beauty of the sea greatly expanded and refined young Bingxin's mind and heart.
It was also in Yantai Bingxin first began to read the classics of Chinese literature, such as Romance of Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, when she was just seven. In 1913, Bingxin moved to Beijing.
The May Fourth Movement in 1919 inspired and elevated Bingxin's patriotism to new high levels, starting her writing career as she wrote for a school newspaper at Yanjing University where she was enrolled as a student and published her first novel. Bingxin graduated from Yanjing University in 1923 with a Bachelor's Degree, and went to the United States to study at Wellesley College, earning a Master's Degree at Wellesley in literature in 1926.
She then returned to Yanjing University to teach until 1936. In 1929, she married Wu Wenzao, an anthropologist and her good friend when they were studying in the United States. Together, Bingxin and her husband visited the different intellectual circles around the world, communicating with other intellectuals such as Virginia Woolf. Later in her life, Bingxin taught in Japan for a short period and stimulated more cultural communications between China and the other parts of the world as a traveling Chinese writer.
In literature, Bingxin founded the "Bingxin Style" as a new literary style. She contributed a lot to children's literature in China (her writings were even incorporated into children's textbooks), and also undertook various translation tasks, including the translation of the works of the great literary figure Rabindranath Tagore. Bingxin's literary career was a really prolific and productive one, and she wrote a wide range of works----prose, poetry, novels, reflections, etc. Her career spaned more than seven decades in length, from 1919 to the 1990s.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Xin

冰心簡介︰

  冰心(1900~)現、當代女作家,兒童文學作家。原名謝婉瑩,筆名冰心女士,男士等。生于福州,幼年時代就廣泛接觸了中國古典小說和譯作。1919 年開始發表第一篇小說《兩個家庭》,此後,相繼發表了《斯人獨惟悴》、《去國》等探索人生問題的“問題小說”。同時,受到泰戈爾《飛鳥集》的影響,寫作無標題的自由體小詩。這些晶瑩清麗、輕柔雋逸的小詩,後結集為《繁星》和《春水》出版。1921年加入文學研究會。同年起發表散文《笑》和《往事》。 1923年畢業于燕京大學文科。赴美國威爾斯利女子大學學習英國文學。在旅途和留美期間,寫有散文集《寄小讀者》,顯示出婉約典雅、輕靈雋麗、凝煉流暢的特點,具有高度的藝術表現力,比小說和詩歌取得更高的成就。這種獨特的風格曾被時人稱為“冰心體”,產生了廣泛的影響。
1926年,冰心獲文學碩士學位後回國,執教于燕京大學和清華大學等校。此後著有散文《南歸》、小說《分》、《冬兒姑娘》等,表現了更為深厚的社會內涵。抗日戰爭期間在昆明、重慶等地從事創作和文化救亡活動。1951年回國,先後任《人民文學》編委等職。作品有散文集《歸來以後》、《再寄小讀者》、《我們把春天吵醒了》、《櫻花贊》、《拾穗小札》、《晚晴集》、《三寄小讀者》等,展示出多彩的生活。藝術上仍保持著她的獨特風格.短篇小說《空巢》.兒童文學作品選集《小桔燈》。冰心的作品還有小說集《超人》、《去國》、《冬兒姑娘》,小說散文集《往事》、《南歸》,散文集《關于女人》,以及《冰心全集》、《冰心文集》、《冰心著譯選集》等。她的作品被譯成多種外文出版。


http://wf66.com/page/20063/1155104BDC.htm

Spring Water.....

The Author's Preface


Mother,

Could you take a look

At my miscellaneous writings?

These words

Were already kept in your bosom,

Even before I was born.

--120, “Infinite Stars"

Bingxin

Nov 21, 1922


Spring Water

1

Water in spring,

It is another year,

And you are still running after the breeze.

May I have a look at

My reflection again?

Water replies gently with thanks:

"My friend,

I have never kept a reflection,

Not even yours."

2

The four seasons slowly pass by-

Hundreds of flowers whisper to each other:

“We are the small and weak!

So, let our lives

Be full of dreams

And our drinking cups

Sentimental,

For God has already arranged all these!"

3

Young People!

You should be

As still and sober as mountains, if

You can’t float with winds,

The flowing wind-like career

Only belongs to the lives of poets.

4

Do reeds

Only accompany the sandy waves?

Please follow up the winds, and travel to Jiangnan*!

*Jiangnan is the area to the south of Yangtze River.

5

A river

Flows with no barrier,

Across ten thousand lis* of sand,

Freely

And silently,

Without a happy voice.

Another river

Bends while it flows,

Across high mountains and deep gorges,

Dangerously

And arduously,

Neither with a happy voice.

My friends!

Thank you for explaining

The questions

I can’t understand for so long.

The happiness of young people

Is rippling with

Both straight and winding streams.

*A "li" is a Chinese unit of measurement.

6

Poets!

Do not grieve nature.

The picture of "beauty"

Needs to be painted lightly.

7

Step by step,

I walked with the support of my hands.

How high and faraway

Is the vague dark-green peak!?

8

The moon,

What makes your dignity?

For in the deep and distant sky,

You come and go alone.

9

If I could reach,

My God!

Where would the limit of your spirit be?

Would you allow me to know?

Might it be so far away

And further

That I felt negligible?

10

I suddenly realize that

It is in the middle of the night.

I won’t let the mood of daytime,

Invade the atmosphere.

11

The south wind blows

Bringing the smile of spring,

From the territory of water.

12

When the music of the xian* approaches,

Listeners come.

When the music of the xian departs,

Will the fate of the ignorant people

Follow?

*Xian is an ancient Chinese stringed musical instrument.

13

White lotus!

Purity confines you.

Why not invite the red lotus in the water

To come and appreciate your elegance?

14

Nature calls out:

"Steep your nib

In my ocean!

The hearts of humans are drying."

15

Silence

Is

Filled with the songs of triumph.

16

My heart!

When do you start to be vexed?

When

Thinking about the universe

And all living beings.

17

The sun

Over the red walls and feeble grass

Please set soon.

You make many young days wane.

18

The plum flowers in the snow!

You arrive early in the spring.

The little flowers follow you,

Coming into blossom and

Spreading over the ground.

19

Poets!

Please write cautiously!

All bored living beings

Needs your comfort.

20

Standing alone on the peak,

I wondered

Whether I

Possess the whole world.

21

I can only carry my kettle,

Watching my flower wither,

How can the water of sympathy reach her,

My flower,

That I keep in the fence?

22

The pioneer!

Should you open up the path for human beings?

Tighten the string of your heart!

23

The plain pond water,

When facing the sunset,

Becomes a golden ocean.

24

Little island,

How straight and upright you are!

The countless peaks around

Have sunk beneath the sea.

25

The wind in winter is also gentle,

When letting

The flower-like snowflake

Come to full bloom.

26

I am only the weak,

So let me carry

The cross of brightness on my back,

For I want to be rid of

The dim stars

In my nature.

27

While great wind is gathering,

The noise of autumn insects vanishes!

28

The shadow is deceiving the others.

In space,

The moon never turns full and crescent.

29

With the same color of green,

But with a bit more gentleness,

The Lake of Xihu swells,

Like the little sister of ocean.

30

The sky turns bright

As the stars set.

The wind at dawn

Again

Is playing tricks on the sleeping person.

31

Poet!

Nature is commanding you

To calm the tides in your heart

And listen to her call.

32

The fishermen's boats are coming back.

Look at

The glowing red lanterns

Spreading on the river.

33

Solitary flower in the corner,

As you indulge in self-admiration,

The world becomes smaller.

34

Young people!

From the barren land,

Please search out sympathy!

35

Isn’t the fresh green leaves

The mood for poetry?

For her color turns deeper over time.

36

The "past" of the old

And the "future" of the young,

Are the same

In my deep thinking.

37

The universe!

Uncover your net of stars, and

Allow me to look at your bright face

With reverence.

38

It is late autumn!

The trees have worn their red blouses!

39

Water flows to the East

And the moon sets to the West-

Poet,

Will your heart pull them back?

40

From dusk to late night,

Wild winds sweep through the Huaihua flowers

And sweet rains splash the Tengluo trees.

Can I stop you?

For my sick little brother,

Has just fallen into deep sleep.

41

My little pine tree,

Please allow me to stay with you

As the white clouds on the hill

Are deepening.

42

The lonely sailing boat

Beside the sunset glow,

Unconsciously

Completes the picture of "nature".

43

Has spring ever spoken up?

But her great potential energy

Makes the world soft.

44

Hold up the flag,

Clever pioneers!

45

Mountains will fall someday,

And oceans will surge.

But the ambition of a common person

Will stand forever.

46

Reserved behavior

Results in liberation of spirits!

47

I stayed in the corridor,

And my book rested on my lap.

With the wind stroking my face,

I knew spring had come.

48

The firefly went away freely,

Leaving the withered lotus alone!

49

In the smile of nature,

The discontent of humans

Will dissolve.

50

Why need to compose?

The poet herself

Is poetry!

51

The crowing of the rooster

Encourages the others,

But rooster himself never needs to be consoled.

52

In the slightly tiring

Deep thought,

The pigeon whistles

Carried on the wind,

Pierce the air for poems.

53

The wind in spring

Sweeps past the fresh grass

With her words to youth:

"My warmness will enlighten you

In the cold,

To create a personality

Of your own."

54

How does daytime become longer?

The tree shadow by the wall far away

Is too sleepy to move.

55

The lily in the wild land,

Only nature

Will be your friend.

56

In a violent storm--

With the fuzzy distant tree,

The Creator had outlined his picture of dusk.

57

Little spider,

Please stop working,

Your net only gathers dust.

58

Ice is as quiet as a mountain,

But a mountain is as vivid as flowing water.

How can the poet

Manipulate them like this?

59

A passenger is shouting:

"Steersman, be careful

Of the reef in the fog."

The steersman smiles calmly:

I know the waterway that

I ought to follow,

And that is enough! "

60

Meteors

Are only brilliant

To human beings.

They sweep into darkness

And then tear away.

Is life as uncertain

As meteors?